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Hygiene

Oct 23, 2023, author: Powderbrows.com / Holistic PMU

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https://powderbrows.com/blogs/resources/hygiene

"Hygiene plays a critical role in the Powder Brows industry. While little empirical evidence shows a high risk of infection or cross-contamination, lax hygiene standards can significantly hurt your competitive edge. It’s a player vs. player battleground out there. If clients see you as a casual, bohemian artist with a cluttered studio, you’ll never stand a chance against an artist who maintains a pristine, professional, and medical-grade clean environment."

1. Background

For this article, we've gathered insights from interviews with 56 Powder Brows artists from within and outside the EU—8 of these artists were from the US, and four were from the UK. Due to varying rules and regulations about hygiene, the input we received differed somewhat. However, we've distilled this input into universally applicable suggestions. Additionally, this material has undergone review by two doctors and two dermatologists operating under different legislations, providing a more holistic perspective. Several rounds of fact-checking and revisions have made the information in this article both accurate and specific.

2. Understanding the Situation

A statue of justice with blinded eyes on the left and a picture of an attractive woman smiling on the right.

A core principle that applies to performing the Powder Brows procedure and being a PMU (Permanent Makeup) artist generally revolves around "professionalism." This means that every action you take should prioritize professionalism. If ever in doubt, it's better to err on the side of being too cautious and careful. This principle is particularly relevant regarding Powder Brows procedures and microblading.

Legal Framework

The procedures for Powder Brows and microblading are regulated in a unique way across different jurisdictions. While many guidelines and recommendations are available for artists, concrete legal requirements are often limited. Some Emergency Medical Service training providers emphasize the need for comprehensive knowledge of all relevant standards, but the reality is that most locations don't enforce this through legislation.

Not the Wild West

This situation is not akin to the "Wild West," as was the case in late 2018 with the advent of Hyaluron Pen procedures and devices. Powder Brows and microblading have been around for decades, and there is extensive empirical data indicating that while accidents and unfortunate outcomes do occur, they are rarely life-threatening. The worst-case scenario typically involves poor results that may resemble a bad facial tattoo. While disappointing, these outcomes can often be corrected to some extent, and clients are usually responsible if they're unhappy with the final shape or intensity of their brows.

Lawmakers' Approach

Regarding insurance and regulatory perspectives, empirical data shows that lawmakers in most countries, including the EU, US, and UK, generally understand the relatively low risks associated with these procedures. Consequently, they often classify Powder Brows and microblading as forms of semi-permanent tattooing, which are as lightly regulated as cosmetic procedures. This has led to an interesting discrepancy: some newer, less invasive procedures are banned, while Powder Brows and tattooing continue to be permitted.

The reason for this is practicality

It would be financially and logistically challenging to monitor and regulate the vast number of people offering these services. This would be a burden even for the wealthiest nations. Off-the-record conversations with lawmakers in various countries indicate that, ultimately, the issue boils down to individual freedom to alter one's appearance as one sees fit, which cannot be easily restricted.

3. Laws Regulating Hygiene

Given the regulatory landscape for Powder Brows and microblading, it's no surprise that the rules concerning hygiene are also rather general in nature. In most jurisdictions, the hygiene standards are largely based on broad guidelines or somewhat more specific recommendations rather than strict legal mandates. Below is a quick look at the legal aspects of hygiene in some key regions.

United States

In the US, each state has its own regulations concerning semi-permanent makeup. For instance, California's Safe Body Art Act regulates tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics. The artist should get licensed by the local health department and comply with hygiene, sterilization, and safe practices. Also, most states require the artists to complete Bloodborne Pathogens and Infection Control training.

United Kingdom

Anyone in the UK who provides semi-permanent makeup services must register with their local council. This includes compliance with The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and other local bylaws. The local council will inspect the premises, and if they meet health and safety standards, they will issue a special treatment license.

European Union

Regulations in the EU can vary by country. For example, in France, the use of tattoo materials is regulated under the Public Health Code. The practitioner must declare his activity to the Regional Health Agency. In Germany, the operator must ensure compliance with the statutory accident insurance and prevention regulation for biological agents and the hygiene regulation for the operation of tattooing and piercing studios.

Asia

In Asia, the rules can be diverse. For example, in Singapore, cosmetic treatments, including semi-permanent makeup services, are regulated by the Ministry of Health. A license is required, and artists must comply with health and safety regulations. In Japan, only medical doctors were traditionally allowed to tattoo skin, but the law has been interpreted more loosely to allow certain cosmetic procedures.

4. How to approach regulations?

An attractive woman on the left is smiling, and a man with gray rasta hair, sunglasses, and colorful clothing is on the right.

Some starting artists conclude that without many rules and regulations, they don't have to maintain high hygiene standards. While embracing this rebellious mindset might feel liberating, it's a mistake. This industry's true regulator isn't the government but the market itself. We've seen repeatedly that artists who treat their Powder Brows business casually, focusing on artistic freedom and a laid-back studio atmosphere, lose out to those who go above and beyond, especially in maintaining high hygiene standards and making the service appear closer to a medical procedure.

An effective principle to adopt

Regardless of the law's stipulations, the rules and regulations are just the baseline. It's both smart and professional to exceed these standards for a competitive edge. No client will complain about "too high" hygiene standards, but they'll definitely talk if they notice poor sanitary conditions. So, the simple conclusion is this: comply with all legal requirements and go beyond that as much as possible. That's the key to building a real competitive advantage in a market that's often "player vs. player." If your hygiene standards are low, you'll lose clients and ultimately earn less money.

One seasoned artist said, "Who cares if the law doesn't require you to go the extra mile? Just because there's no law against public urination doesn't mean you should do it! You have to do everything to make it more medical and professional. It's player versus player, and if clients see you as some creative hipi-artist with a worn-out t-shirt and a cigarette in the corner of your mouth, with stuff lying around in your studio, you can never compete with me if I make my setting absolutely pristine, professional, and medical-level clean!"

5. Practical suggestions

A photo of a clean beauty salon with large images of female faces covering walls on the left and a picture of a smiling, attractive woman on the right.

Maintaining a Dedicated Workspace for Procedures

Providing the Powder Brows procedure in an area specifically designated for this task is far better. Ideally, in a room or part of a room separate from other cosmetic services such as nail care, hairstyling, or eyelash treatments. This isolation minimizes the potential for cross-contamination from fumes or other environmental factors. Good quality cosmetic lamps, including at least one ring light, should be available for sufficient illumination. When it comes to actual risks, there have been cases where the wounds can sting or hurt a little when the nail or eyelash procedure chemicals fill the air. Although there have been no cases, as far as we know, when that would have led to anything serious, this is just not professional.

Implementing a Hygiene-Friendly Floor

Choosing the right flooring is a critical first step for maintaining a hygienic work environment. Opt for easy-to-clean surfaces like hard tiles, laminate, or specialized molded materials. Make it a habit to disinfect the floor with an appropriate cleanser before each treatment session. Although there may not be strict penalties for rugs or carpets near the treatment table, these items can create cleaning challenges and signal sub-par hygiene standards. Even if the law doesn't strictly penalize you for a hard-to-clean floor or a rug, clients with medical knowledge will instantly recognize these as less-than-ideal choices. This perception could impact your professional image negatively.

Maintaining the Treatment Table's Cleanliness

The treatment table, often a standard massage table, should have a machine-washable sheet cover. Keep multiple sheets readily available to ensure you can always use a fresh one. Cover the table with a disposable paper or textile sheet for added protection during each procedure to limit germ build-up. Artists opt for disposable sheets in many locations, which is even more convenient. According to experts, some regulations suggest that artists remove the disposable sheet in full view of the client. This action reassures the client that a fresh sheet is used for each procedure, enhancing transparency and trust.

Maintaining Sterile Tools

All instruments should be sterilized using pressure steamer-based sterilizers (autoclaves) or hot, dry air sterilizers. In cases where metal measuring devices come into contact with blood, they, too, must be sterilized. PMU machine parts can be stored in a UV cabinet post-sterilization. While UV-C is effective against many kinds of bacteria and viruses, it's usually used as a supplementary method rather than the primary sterilization method. At first, that may feel like an overkill, but it ensures that all options are used to provide the service professionally.

Clearing the Work Area of Clutter

Several experienced artists recommend removing all unnecessary items from your workspace. This includes eyeglasses, phones, and any pigment bottles you're not using during the procedure. Many beginners find that having fewer items within reach helps them resist the temptation to touch anything unnecessary, contributing to a cleaner and more hygienic work environment.

Handling Disposable Gloves Correctly

Wearing disposable gloves of the proper size is crucial. Put them on before you start the procedure, and ensure they only touch the PMU machine and wipes. Be careful not to touch unrelated objects while you're wearing these gloves. Nitrile gloves are commonly recommended over latex ones.

As for the measuring and mapping phase of the brow, no laws require you to wear gloves for this part. However, many experienced artists advise doing so because it's simply more professional. After completing the measurement and before beginning the actual pigmentation, change your gloves to maintain hygiene.

When you're performing the procedure, it may be challenging at first to touch only the client's face and the pigmentation machine. Even artists with years of experience might occasionally touch something they shouldn't with their gloves. If this happens, there's just one appropriate response: change your gloves. Dispose of the compromised pair and put on a fresh set immediately. One seasoned artist put it well: "Over the seven years I've been doing this, I haven't completely avoided touching the wrong things with my gloves. What I have mastered is recognizing it, refraining from audible swearing, and changing my gloves in seconds."

Wearing Face Masks

Face masks are not only advised for COVID-19 protection but also for general hygiene. They help prevent the exchange of germs between the artist and the client. Keep a steady supply of masks available for each procedure. To maintain a professional appearance and full coverage, wear the mask so that it also covers your nose.

Protective Caps for Artists and Clients

Both the artist and the client should wear caps. They serve to keep hair away from the face and any small wounds that might occur from the pigmentation needle. For artists with long hair, caps are essential for preventing accidental contact with the client's face.

While there are no documented cases of contamination via hair, there have been instances where sensitive clients found the lack of a cap to be unprofessional. In extreme cases, this has even sparked public debate.

Hand Sanitization Before the Procedure

Use a special disinfectant for hand sanitization before starting. Keep your tools, pigments, and your Powder Brows tool bag in pristine condition at all times.

Consider applying a medical-grade barrier cream to your hands for an added layer of protection. This goes above and beyond the protection offered by disposable gloves. While some might find it excessive, it aligns with a professional approach. If you're committed to excellence, why not go the extra mile? Additionally, artists who frequently sanitize their hands have reported an increase in small skin wounds, particularly during cold weather. Using a protective cream can be a smart preventive measure.

Equipment Setup Pre-Gloves

Arrange all the Powder Brows essentials: blade, PMU machine, measuring tools, pencil, wipes, gloves, mask, caps, cups, rings, creams, pigments, etc., before wearing the gloves. The fewer items there are on your plate, the better. There should be everything is is necessary and nothing more!

Handling the Needle Cartridge

Always start with a new needle cartridge. Open the packet and attach it to your machine, ensuring the needles inside don't touch anything else. The same principle applies when using a microblading blade for the procedure.

It's a good practice to do this in front of the client. This assures them that you're using a new, disposable cartridge. Consider verbally confirming to the client that the cartridge is new for an extra layer of professionalism. Some artists even read the expiration date aloud to double-check it's in good standing and to gain additional credibility. If the cartridge package has a colored indicator, show that to the client as well. This gives you some extra points for maintaining top-notch hygiene standards.

Client's Brow Area Disinfection

With fresh gloves, cleanse and then disinfect the client's eyebrow area using a disinfectant, distilled water, and single-use cotton pads. When you are using different substances for cleaning the skin, always find out how exactly those must be used and how long they are meant to be kept on the skin to ensure maximal effect and prevent irritation.

Don't Skimp on Barrier Film

Using barrier film is crucial for maintaining a clean workspace. Cover objects you might touch before or after the pigmentation process, such as lamps, wires, bottles, trolleys, and trays. It's better to use more barrier film than less when in doubt. Clients often appreciate seeing that you're diligent about this aspect.

Remember, after removing the barrier film, you must still sanitize the object with medical sterilization liquid. This is a non-negotiable step in maintaining high hygiene standards.

Easily Accessible Trash Container

Professional artists often recommend having a small, easily accessible trash container for disposing of cotton swabs, pigment cups, and any unused supplies that have come into contact with the client's face. If a tool has been taken out of its packaging but hasn't been used, it should still be thrown away. Many artists line these small trash containers with hard plastic zip bags to make disposal even easier. This helps streamline the clean-up process after each procedure.

Precautions During the Procedure

Always use fresh cups or rings for pigment and anesthetic. Single-use cotton pads or wipes should be moistened with distilled water. Never dip used applicators back into pigment or anesthetic bottles.

Adopt a Cautious Mindset and pay attention!

Treat every client as if they could potentially transmit bloodborne pathogens. This approach ensures that you pay more attention in every procedure phase. If anything seems out of place, exchange the rubber gloves. Always be more careful and cautious than minimally required or even needed!

Post-Procedure Cleanup

After the procedure, dispose of used materials in two separate bins. One bin should be for general waste, like cotton pads and disposable paper towels. The other bin should be specifically for used needle cartridges and blades, which should go into a sharps container. Some experts with medical backgrounds even recommend keeping the sharps container in a separate room and using another container to transport used items there.

When using sterilization liquids or wipes - often high in alcohol concentration or containing other chemicals like hydrogen peroxide - make sure you know two things. First, how long do the surfaces need to contact the liquid? Second, are there any restrictions from your PMU machine's manufacturer about using certain chemicals for cleaning? Generally, there are no issues if you use common sense. Remember, most sterilization chemicals are potent; excessive amounts won't provide additional benefits and may even damage your equipment.

Although there may not be specific rules requiring this level of cleanliness, it's crucial for maintaining a professional image. Many seasoned artists and medical experts recommend keeping the sharps container out of sight from the client for a more professional appearance.

Usage of Disposable Towels

For the highest level of hygiene, opt for disposable items whenever possible. In common areas like washrooms offer disposable towels to prevent multiple clients from touching the same towel. Moreover, it's crucial that clients should neither see nor have access to the non-disposable towels used by artists. Many professionals make a point of keeping these strictly separate for utmost cleanliness.

Proper Ventilation System

Good air circulation is key to maintaining a healthy environment. A proper ventilation system should be installed in the treatment area to ensure the fumes and dust are promptly cleared out. There are no strict rules or regulations regarding that when it comes to cosmetic procedures, but it is just a certain advantage to have airflow.

Cleaning of the PMU Machine

The PMU machine is your primary tool and needs to be cleaned and disinfected before and after each procedure to avoid cross-contamination. Generally, the machine comprises a power unit and a handpiece. Covering the power unit with barrier plastic is a good approach. After removing this barrier, a simple wipe-down with medical-grade sterilization wipes should suffice.

As for the handpiece, further sterilization can be done in an autoclave unless the manufacturer advises against it. Autoclaving is a highly effective sterilization method that uses high-pressure steam to kill or deactivate bacteria, viruses, and spores. Just make sure to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for autoclaving specific parts.

Hygiene Digital and Live PR Mistakes

Everything related to hygiene should be at a professional level and look professional. Some new artists have made errors like giving clients used brushes or brow razors, taking photos with rubber gloves on during the procedure, or even letting pets into the salon. In extreme cases, these live hygiene PR mistakes have turned into digital PR issues by being recorded and shared online, whether naively or unintentionally.

It's clear that there is usually no actual health risk to the client from such practices, as far as we know from discussions with hundreds of seasoned artists. However, there have been instances where these situations have been used against the artist by unhappy customers or competitors. So, in addition to ensuring top-level hygiene, make sure it also appears that way.

6. Conclusions

When it comes to the hygiene of Powder Brows procedures, it's a nuanced topic. Most laws categorize it as semi-permanent tattooing or a cosmetic procedure, often with minimal hygiene requirements. The specifics can vary by location, but these requirements are usually far less stringent than those for medical procedures. There's little empirical data on the risks of cross-contamination, disease transmission, or infection from the procedure.

However, this shouldn't mean that a professional Powder Brows artist takes hygiene lightly. Experience shows that it's far more effective to market the service as closely aligned with strict medical hygiene standards rather than as a tattooing or artistic salon service. In this sense, the real regulator isn't just the health department and market expectations. A professional artist should go the extra mile to ensure all aspects—preparation, sanitation, sterilization, behavior, and attire - meet medical-level hygiene standards. It's simply better for business.